PROMOTERS
What are Promoters Promoters are DNA sequences that define where transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase will begin. Promoter sequences are typically located directly upstream or at the 5' end of the transcription initiation site. RNA polymerase and the necessary transcription factors bind to the promoter sequence and initiate transcription. Promoter sequences define the direction of transcription and indicate which DNA strand will be transcribed; this strand is known as the sense strand.Many eukaryotic genes have a conserved promoter sequence called the TATA box, located 25 to 35 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. Transcription factors bind to the TATA box and initiate the formation of the RNA polymerase transcription complex, which promotes transcription. A gene has three major regions: The promoter, coding region, and terminator (Fig.1). The promoter acts as the regulator for the level of gene expression i.e. when, where and how much of the gene product i.e p...