VERNALIZATION- (Chilling treatment)

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 VERNALIZATION 


It was found by Lysenko (1928), a Russian worker that the cold requiring yearly and biennial plants can be made to blossom in one developing season by giving low-temperature treatment to youthful plants or dampened seeds.

  He called the impact of this chilling treatment as vernalization. Vernalization is, hence, a cycle of shortening of the adolescent or vegetative stage and rushing blossoming by past cool treatment.

  Some plants expect the presentation to a low temperature, 0 to 10°C, for a couple of days to half a month for blooming. Such acceptance of blooming by a low temperature is called vernalization 


SITE FOR VERNALIZATION

 The boost of vernalization is seen simply by the meristematic cells (active apical meristem).

 e.g.- shoot tip, incipient organism tips, root summit, creating leaves, and so on 


Necessities OF VERNALIZATION 


(i) Low Temperature: Low temperature needed for vernalization is typically 0°—5°. 


(ii) Period of Low-Temperature Treatment: It fluctuates from a couple of hours to a couple of days. 


(iii) Actively Dividing Cells: 


(iv) Water: 


(v) Aerobic Respiration 


(vi) Proper Nourishment. 


MECHANISM OF VERNALIZATION 


The improvement got by the effectively partitioning cells of shoot or undeveloped organism tip goes to all pieces of the plant and set it up to bloom.

 The Stimulus has been named as vernalin. 

It can be passed starting with one plant then onto the next through joining in the event of Henbane however not in others. 


Two hypotheses. • 1. Phasic development theory • 2. Hormonal theories. 


Phasic development theory

 • Proposed by Lysenko in 1934

. • According to this hypothesis there is a progression of stages in the improvement of a plant.

 • Each stage is animated by an ecological factor, for example, temperature, light,etc. 

• Commencement of one stage will occur simply after the finishing of the procedure stage

. • There are two stages • 1.Thermophase • 2.Photophase

• Thermophase relies upon temperature.vernalization quickens thermophase. 

• Thermophase ought to be trailed by photophase which requires light. 


Hormonal theory

 • Melcher (1939)

 • He suggested that chilling treatment instigates the development of another flower hormone called vernalin.

 • This hormone is sent to different pieces of the plant.

 • He graphted a vernalized plant with an unvernalized plant. 

• The unvernalized plant likewise starts blossoming. 

• The hormone,vrnalin diffuses from the vernalized plant to the unvernalized plant and prompts blossoming. 





DEVERNALIZATION 


The beneficial outcome of the low-temperature treatment on the vernalization of the plants can be checked by resulting high-temperature treatment. This is called as devernalization.

 The level of devernalization diminishes if the span of the cool treatment has been longer. 

However, the devernalized the plant can again be vernalized by resulting low temperature treatment. 


Significance OF VERNALIZATION 


Induces early blooming consequently shortening the vegetative time of the plants (creation of more than one yield in a year).

 The winter assortment of harvests can be changed over to spring assortment (Protection from freezing injury).

 It helps in expanding the yield of the plants. 

It encourages in initiating protection from various sicknesses.

 Tropical plants (requiring long summer) can be filled in calm regions (short summer).






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