BIOTECH WORLD

TRANSLATION Translation means that genetic information copied into RNA with transcription is converted to a protein or polypeptide chain. In other words, it is the expression of genetic information in the form of protein molecules. Three important components of protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomes. mRNA includes a code (password) which determines the protein’s amino acid sequence. The mRNA unit that encodes an amino acid and comprises three nucleotides is called codon. When the translation of mRNA starts, codons are read as successively without a space and hesitation. Each codon indicates either one aminoacid participating in protein synthesis or the termnation of protein synthesis. Code defines three nucleotide sequences called as codon and the relationship between aminoacids .The 61 codons are codons encoding amino acids, they are also called sense codons . Degeneracy of the genetic code gives the meaning that aminoacids can be determined by m...

CONCEPT OF RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi): RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the most exciting and fascinating discoveries of the past decade in functional genomics. RNAi is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions in eukaryotes and holds promise for the development of therapeutic gene silencing. RNA interference is a novel gene regulatory mechanism that limits the transcript level by either suppressing transcription (TGS) or by activating a sequence- specific RNA degradation process [PTGS/RNA interference (RNAi)] . RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional process triggered by the introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) which leads to gene silencing in a sequence-specific manner. The first evidence that dsRNA could achieve efficient gene silencing through RNAi came from studies on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Further analysis in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have contributed greatly toward understanding the biochemical nature of the RNAi p...