BIOTECH WORLD

  INTRODUCTION   DNA is the hereditary material that characterizes each cell. Before a cell copies and is separated into new little girl cells through either mitosis or meiosis, biomolecules and organelles must be replicated to be appropriated among the cells. DNA, found inside the core, must be imitated so as to guarantee that each new cell gets the right number of chromosomes. The procedure of DNA duplication is called DNA replication. Replication follows a few stages that include different proteins called replication chemicals and RNA. In eukaryotic cells, for example, creature cells and plant cells, DNA replication happens in the S period of interphase during the phone cycle. The procedure of DNA replication is essential for cell development, fix, and propagation in living beings.   REPLICATION PROCESS   Stage 1: Replication Fork Formation   Before DNA can be duplicated, the twofold abandoned particle must be "unfastened" into two single stra...

TRANSLATION Translation means that genetic information copied into RNA with transcription is converted to a protein or polypeptide chain. In other words, it is the expression of genetic information in the form of protein molecules. Three important components of protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomes. mRNA includes a code (password) which determines the protein’s amino acid sequence. The mRNA unit that encodes an amino acid and comprises three nucleotides is called codon. When the translation of mRNA starts, codons are read as successively without a space and hesitation. Each codon indicates either one aminoacid participating in protein synthesis or the termnation of protein synthesis. Code defines three nucleotide sequences called as codon and the relationship between aminoacids .The 61 codons are codons encoding amino acids, they are also called sense codons . Degeneracy of the genetic code gives the meaning that aminoacids can be determined by m...